Destabilizing the Social Norms Between Men and Women in A...

The social order and love within A Midsummer’s Night Dream is skewed without the influence of the fairies, yet Oberon, Titania, and their troupe of troublemakers forcibly insert themselves into the plot with their own personal squabbles that exert power over the characters and events of the play. The crazed and maniacal actions of the characters go against the traditional forms of accepted behavior in Elizabethan society, and just like in dreams, they turn the plot topsy-turvy and breed a chaos that runs unchecked until the young Athenians emerge from the woods at dawn. There are many points where sexual roles and norms are challenged during the play, but the most heated is Oberon and Titania’s fight in Act 2 Scene 1. Titania’s refusal to†¦show more content†¦This goes against the traditional standpoint taken at the beginning of the play where the Athenian men make the punishment for disobedience (1.1.65-66), as well as the values and laws of Elizabethan society. This equality given to both men and women at the beginning of the play sets the mood for the later actions of the characters in the plot and destabilizes the social structure of man’s advantage over women. The second instance where Titania overrules Oberon is her refusal to hand over her beloved charge, whose ‘mother was a vot’ress of my order...and for her sake I do rear up the boy/And for her sake I will not part with him’ (2.1.123-137) willingly. Oberon attempts to sweet talk her into giving the boy to him by charading false kindness and a willingness to listen to her concern without judgement. However, Titania’s insight makes her despise him more for his attempted trickery and refuses his company for the duration of their stay until the wedding. Though Oberon exacts his revenge on Titania by making a fool out of her through magic, her initial refusal to obey his orders on the spot speaks volumes for the female characters in this play. It sets the tone for an acceptable level of disobedience that the other women, perhaps as a mystical result of Titania’s obstinance, will gladly adopt throughout the plot. This refusal, both in the play and onstage, must have been an outrage to society at the time due to its frank and verbal nature, where a woman deliberately

Abraham Lincoln Rhetorical Analysis - 988 Words

Honorable Leaders strive for unity and do everything they can to ensure cohesiveness within their people. It is important that powerful leaders understand the tasks for which they will be accomplishing as president so they are able to unite the nation. America is an improbable idea that thrives due to determined leaders venturing for unity and stepping into a position of responsibility that entails making and executing tough decisions. A principal technique used in uniting a nation such as the United States is electing respected leaders. Abraham Lincoln and George Washington are respected leaders featured in the works that described their aims to unite the nation. Abraham Lincoln illustrated how he was extremely â€Å"devoted †¦ to saving the†¦show more content†¦As the citizens united and lined the Delaware behind Washington it became evident that Washington could unite America. The lighting and color scheme of the painting led viewers to infer that Washington led the soldiers into the light as they sailed out of the darkness and inferior times. To reduce power struggles within a nation, it is necessary for a nation to follow a respected leader. When there is a prominent leader, the nation can be united. A figure of authority is relied upon to make and execute the tough decisions that will benefit and unite the nation.The leaders a nation obey were put in charge for a reason, and their ability to al ways make intelligent decisions is a preeminent factor. Being the president during the war was challenging in itself, but figuring out how to end the war and reconstruct the nation was an even harder decision for Lincoln. Lincoln made a decision that would create â€Å"lasting peace †¦ with all nations† and end the war (Lincoln 14). The decision Abraham Lincoln made about how he needed to be president for the second time was so he could have the opportunity to finish what he started and design a united nation that would be looked upon forever. Abraham Lincoln encompasses pathos, ethos, and logos in his second inaugural address to persuade the citizens of the United States to follow his lead and end the war. The decision of becomingShow MoreRelatedAbraham Lincoln Rhetorical Analysis998 Words   |  4 PagesPresident Abraham Lincoln, sixteenth president of the United States, was the president during the time of Civil War. This meant that he was tasked with the responsibil ity of getting America through the war in one piece, or as close to it as possible. During the war, he had two main goals- one, to preserve the Union and, two, to abolish slavery. These goals did not stay the same during the war, however they did remain close. President Abraham Lincoln’s goals in the civil war were changed because ofRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Gettysburg Address By Abraham Lincoln813 Words   |  4 PagesKatrina Ta Giang 22 December 2017 AP Language and Composition(7) Mrs. Faumuina Speech Analysis Essay: The Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln â€Å"The Battle of Gettysburg, fought from July 1 to July 3, 1863, is considered the most important engagement of the American Civil War†(History). It was a battle in Gettysburg Pennsylvania, consisting of the Union Army and the Confederate Army. The main purpose behind this battle was due to â€Å"Robert E. Lees plan to invade the North and force an immediateRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Speech939 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Four score and seven years ago†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the first six words of the famous speech given by Abraham Lincoln on November 19, 1863. Considering the brevity and simplicity of the speech, this powerful masterpiece has impacted citizens of the United States for generations. By further analysis, I have found a few tricks that give this piece its’ powerful punch. I propose the wise use of timing, emotion and rhetorical devices used in his speech all contributed to creating this legendary dialogue. First, theRead MoreRhetoric al Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Gettysburg Address1564 Words   |  7 PagesA rhetorical analysis explores nonfictional works and determine if the techniques used make the piece effective (Texas AM University). The Gettysburg Address is one of the most notorious speeches. A rhetorical analysis of this legendary speech would reveal the key components that made it so prominent. The evaluation of the genre, and rhetorical devices, ethos, pathos, and logos, in the speech show how the piece was effective. Abraham Lincoln is one of the most renowned presidents in history. DuringRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Speech860 Words   |  4 PagesOn March 4, 1865 Abraham Lincoln addressed the American populous for a second time, in what was known as his second inaugural address, marking his second term in presidency, and his second address attending to a divided and strained nation. As the Civil War marched closer to resolution the American populous wished for someone or so mething to blame: A target to vent the pains of the nation’s conflict, yet instead of condemnation of either side Lincoln offered the concept of inclusion: neither wishedRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Gettysburg Address 1669 Words   |  7 PagesFinal Take-Home Questions AUHIS 454: the Civil War Zoraa Lutas QUESTION 1 Abraham Lincoln speech given at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania on November 19, 1863 was described by Senator Charles Sumner, in 1865, stating â€Å"the battle itself was less important than the speech.† Explain. U.S. President Abraham Lincoln was not given the spotlight at the Soldiers’ National Cemetery on November 19, 1863, and was instead invited to give a few remarks. In fact Edward Everett’s speech would have been the officialRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Gettysburg Address981 Words   |  4 Pagesstatement in which Abraham Lincoln started â€Å"The Gettysburg Address†.152 years ago, Lincoln delivered this well-known speech in front of an audience who was searching for help during a time of war. Some may believe it was not an inspiration why others will say it was. To some Americans, it might have even brought faith. Just like any other work, this essay was composed of a rhetorical situation and rhetorical devices; which can be broken down into specific factors. The rhetorical situation and devicesRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Second Inaugural Address1234 Words   |  5 PagesTiana Lanier Professor Lara Chapman Rhetorical Communication: A Theory of Civil Discourse July 7th, 2015 Rhetorical Discourse in Two Distinct Pieces of Work; Abraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address Emily Dickinson’s Success is Counted Sweetest Rhetoric is often denoted to as the art of persuasion. A set of linguistic traits and semantics used to evoke emotional responses from its intended audience, opening the floor for unanticipated influence by said audience. It would be an atrocity to ignoreRead MoreAbraham Lincoln : The Great Emancipator1590 Words   |  7 PagesSarmiento 6 Abraham Lincoln: The Great Emancipator During Abraham Lincoln’s presidency, the United States was divided into North and South, who were at war with one another. Recognizing the nation needed a determined leader to guide them into prosperity, Lincoln devised his plan for success. Lincoln’s attempts to preserve the North, while uniting them with the South seemed to be failing as the war continued throughout his first term. Once Lincoln got reelected in 1864, he set out to succeed inRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Essay examples842 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Rhetorical Analysis Abraham Lincoln’s â€Å"Second Inaugural Address† and Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"Success is Counted Sweet,† are two inspirational pieces of art that fall under two different types of discourses. The â€Å"Second Inaugural Address,† is a great example and definition of what Rhetoric is. It encompasses all four resources of languages- argument, appeal, arrangement, and artistic devices. â€Å"Success is Counted Sweet,† doesn’t cover the four resources of language that apply to rhetoric; therefore, it

Decision Support System Database Management

Question: Discuss about theDecision Support System for Database Management. Answer: Introduction Using the decision support system, sales trends are analysed to determine the future course of action. Information from the Database Management System (DBMS) has been imported into Microsoft excel and summarized as a report for easy viewing and future analysis. The items are sources from two suppliers located in Luxemberg and Tuvalu and the business is allowed to select from any of these on an ad-hoc basis depending on the exchange rate that is favourable to the business. The effect of discount can also be seen in the mode. Number of scenarios have also been created based on potential mark-up and freight options to determine the best combination for the business. (Ireton, 2009) A decision support system (DSS) is an application that helps organization make business decisions by analyzing the data and presenting it clearly to the management. (Delaney, 2010)It can analyze and present data of the following types: Revenues/Sales/Profit figures of different time-periods (week, month, year) Revenues/Sales/Profit figures using various policy assumptions (tax-rate, product portfolio etc) Different decision options, given the sales/profit numbers for each Inventory Management Decision Support System is appropriate for this project as the management needs to choose as to which option to choose among the various alternatives for mark-up type, freight type and exchange rate. Using scenario analysis, the profit and discount numbers can be generated for various scenarios and decisions can be taken based on the numbers for the particular scenarios. (Lin, 2016) Among mark-up types, Store is better than Supplier as the Total Profit for Store is higher than Supplier, keeping freight type and exchange rate constant. The number of discounts are also higher for Store. Hence the customer perception would also be positive in this kind of mark-up type. The customer will just see the final selling price of the item rather than worrying about the mark-up type of the item because this is what matters to the customers. The customer would definitely be interested in the fact if he is being provided a discount or not. Since a higher discount is being given when the mark-up type is store, it would be better from the customer perspective also The businesss profit would decrease if the plan to provide discounts is implemented. However, that can be compensated by the increase in sales because of positive customer perception Among Freight types, Nicolaus Copernicus Transport is better than Johannes Kepler Freight as the Total Profit for Nicolaus Copernicus Transport is higher than Johannes Kepler Freight, keeping mark-up type and exchange rate constant. The number of discounts is same for Nicolaus Copernicus Transport and Johannes Kepler Freight. Hence the customer perception would also be same in terms of freight type. The businesss profit would decrease if the cost of freight was transferred to the business instead of the customer. However, that can be compensated by the increase in sales because of positive customer perception Luxemberg (LU) would be better than TV for the business to import from as the Total Profit for LU is higher than TV, keeping mark-up type and freight type constant. The number of discounts are also higher for items imported from Luxemberg. Hence the customer perception would also be positive for these items. The following things should also be considered while importing from other countries(Practical Ecommerce, 2007): Total cost: The actual product cost is only a component of the total cost involved in importing a product. There are other costs also like import and custom duties, transportation, brokerage fees, payment bank services, insurance etc. Besides that, some items may require special care due to which these costs may differ for such products. Quality: The product quality needs to be addressed and is a factor while choosing the country of import. For eg. The products manufactured in China are considered not so good in quality. It also depends on the type of product as some countries are well known to manufacture some kind of products ( for eg. Cars in Germany). Returning the product to the country of origin may lead to huge costs. Defective products will then have to be sold at discount, leading to huge losses. Logistics: The chosen country of import should have good logistics capability so as to handle large shipments and deliver products speedily. This depends on the transport infrastructure airports and seaports, railway transportation etc. Regulations: Ease of doing business depend on the regulations by the government on import and export. There may be restriction placed on some products to enter a country due to different laws of the land. There also may be trade restrictions with some countries due to political reasons. Communication/IT infrastructure: The communication infrastructure should also be will developed in the country for easy tracking of the shipment. Considering all the available options, using a Store mark-up type, Johannes Kepler Freight type and importing the products from Luxemberg would be the best for business for Dr. Nikola Tesla.(Chan, 2016) References Chan, S. P., 2016, How once-secretive Luxembourg is vying for a slice of the City of London, Telegraph,viewed September 29, 2016 https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/07/23/how-once-secretive-luxembourg-is-vying-for-a-slice-of-the-city-o/ Delaney, L., 2010, Factors to Consider When Choosing An Import Payment Method, The Balance, viewed September 29, 2016 https://www.thebalance.com/how-to-choose-an-import-payment-method-1953391 Ireton, S., 2009, 10 Factors to Consider When Sourcing Globally, JOC, viewed September 29, 2016 https://www.joc.com/content/10-factors-consider-when-sourcing-globally Lin, W. T., 2016, The complementarity and substitutability relationships between information technology and benefits and duration of unemployment, Elsevie, viewed September 29, 2016 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167923616301075 Practical Ecommerce, 2007, The Basics of Importing Products From Overseas, Practiical Ecommerce, viewed September 29, 2016 https://www.practicalecommerce.com/articles/430-The-Basics-of-Importing-Products-From-Overseas

John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums Analysis free essay sample

AP English Literature and Composition The Chrysanthemums John Steinbeck The third person point of view helps set up Elisas initial perception of the world, one that includes the submissive role of women and their dismal role in anything work related. The symbolism, when combined with the point of view, is what brings out the best of Elisa and makes her realize that the things she does in life are not for other people to look down upon, but instead for people to bask in their glory as they provide nothing else but total sanctity, aloofness, and amazement, but there are still actors in the society that do not allow for such dreams to come true. The initial detailed description of Elisa in the beginning of the story shows a very covered and repressed woman who is focused on her chrysanthemums. Her appearance looked blocked and heavy in her gardening costume, a mans black hat pulled low down over her eyes. We will write a custom essay sample on John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums: Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although Elisa is doing something that she enjoys, she keeps to herself as she sees her husband talking to two men in business suits. This scenario shows that men took care of business while women tended to the more etty of things. This third person point of view sets up this exact perception of the world that Elisa holds and is further revealed through the symbolism in the story. It is obvious from the story that the daisies that Elisa plants and grow offer her a haven from the world and when they are praised, she turns into the happiest soul in the world, mvyhats them plants maam? The irritation and resistance melted away from Elisas face. Furthermore, when speaking about her flowers, Elisa feels a freedom that would have otherwise been oppressed. She took off the battered hat and shook out her pretty dark hair. The flowers represent a source of isolation from the rest of the world and all its struggles. Also, the flowers bring upon hope and comfort along sometimes hazardous roads. Thats a bright direction. Theres a glowing there When the blacksmith and Elisa both share the feeling of doing something with passion, she wonders if she, a woman, can truly live while freely expressing her passion for flowers. After the blacksmith states that this life, life symbolizing the hot and sharp and-lovely. ability to live off of things of passion, does not suit a wom an, Elisa raised her upper lip in scorn and in disillusionment. The lonely life that the blacksmith speaks about is lonely only for the fact that hardly anyone works and makes a living doing something that they truly admire and are happy doing so. He says that its a scary life with animals creeping up under the wagon all night because the wagon, or the passion, is constantly at harm from the animals that are eople bent to societys standards, people that Elisa know to be hindering her capabilities to live a life very much so similar to that of the blacksmith, speaking in the direction in which the blacksmith had moved, although it was already getting late, there was still the tender yellow glow of a thin band of sunshine clearly regarding the yellow chrysanthemums she had given the wondering worker. Towards the end, Elisa slips back into reality as she goes out with her husband. Her decision to look away from the blacksmith as she was passing him completed the rocess. She does try to go back to her own little haven, but with little result. The wine and the fghts represent a source of adventure for Elisa. She sees them as vehicles of excitement and forbidden ecstasy. The wine, apart from the original adventure is also a symbol of maturity and culture and when Elisa realizes that she can only stay stuck with the wine, she cries. She cries for the fact that she knows her life is coming to an end although she is Just but thirty-five years of age and her oppression will never be compromised.

Temporary and Permanent Phrasal Adjectives

Temporary and Permanent Phrasal Adjectives Temporary and Permanent Phrasal Adjectives Temporary and Permanent Phrasal Adjectives By Mark Nichol Use of phrasal adjectives, combinations of two or more words that as a grammatical unit provide additional details to nouns, is complicated by standards of usage pertaining to hyphens. This post discusses various types of phrasal adjectives (some of which have, since they were coined, been fused to form single words). Just as there are three structural types of compound nouns (closed, as with hindsight, hyphenated, as with life-form, and open, as with â€Å"cell phone†), adjectives are also built in one of (the same) three ways. Occasionally, when a phrasal adjective is formed, its original hyphenated form is superseded by a closed treatment, as with the simple adjective heartwarming, which started out as the phrasal adjective â€Å"heart warming.† How does one learn which phrasal adjectives have been fused? Consult a dictionary. Hyphenated phrasal adjectives are further subdivided into two categories: temporary and permanent. Temporary phrasal adjectives are phrases consisting of an adjective and another form of speech, such as the adverb-adjective team of â€Å"well trained.† Note, however, that this instance of this phrasal adjective, though located in a discussion about hyphenation of such parts of speech, is not hyphenated. Why? Because most phrasal adjectives, those designated as temporary, are hyphenated only before a noun: â€Å"That is a well-trained dog,† but â€Å"That dog is well trained.† Some phrasal adjectives are considered permanent; one example is â€Å"short-lived,† and though it should technically be hyphenated after a noun (as in â€Å"Their triumph was short-lived†), The Chicago Manual of Style recommends forgoing hyphenation in most such cases when no misreading is likely. How is a writer to know which category a phrasal adjective belongs to? Consult a dictionary. Note, however, that some terms are not obvious. On Merriam-Webster’s website, â€Å"cutting edge† is designated as a noun, and the adjectival form appears as a footnote to the noun’s definition. But there it is: â€Å"cutting-edge.† That phrasal adjective, with a hyphen, is permanent- it’s in the dictionary- so hyphenate it before a noun, but again, per Chicago, it can be left open after the noun. One form of phrasal adjective that usually needs no hyphenation is one beginning with an adverb ending in -ly, such as in â€Å"happily married couple.† But if the phrasal adjective is extended, as in â€Å"not-so-happily-married couple,† hyphenate it. Finally, there’s the permanent open phrasal adjective, such as â€Å"information technology,† which never needs hyphenation (unless, again, it is extended, as in â€Å"information-technology-related discussion†). Why? Repeat after me: â€Å"It’s in the dictionary.† Note, too, that hyphenation is omitted in proper names used as phrasal adjectives, as in â€Å"Los Angeles freeways† and â€Å"the Sylvester Stallone school of acting,† though, again, if another word is included in the phrasal adjective, an exception is made. However, in this case, because two or more words constitute a single concept, an en dash used as a super-hyphen should link the proper name to the additional word: â€Å"Los Angeles–style traffic† and â€Å"Sylvester Stallone–lite acting.† Another exception is for terms of art, or jargon that a particular publication or industry deems so well established that, in a specific context, no confusion is likely; therefore, â€Å"open source,† which is treated as a hyphenated permanent phrasal adjective in the dictionary, is often left open before or after a noun in technology-related content. (In general-circulation publications, however, it is generally hyphenated before a noun.) A final caution: Various phrasal adjectives beginning with a common element are not necessary styled the same: A student in the first grade is a first-grade student, but firsthand is a closed compound, and â€Å"first person,† though treated as an open compound in the dictionary (like â€Å"cutting edge,† mentioned above), is listed as a noun, and when employed as a phrasal adjective, it should still be hyphenated before a noun. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply with36 Poetry TermsHow to Style Legislative Terms

Free Essays on Censorship Surrounding September 11th

Listen up maggots; you are not special. You are not a beautiful or unique snowflake.† –Fight Club- The September 11th attack on America has revolutionized the world’s understanding of visual culture. Society has been trying to label art forever. Censorship of art is a conflict that affects everyone, whether it be the artist themselves, the viewers, or nonviewers. Drawing the line between what is and isn’t considered art is a difficult task. The continual debate over modern art is a futile task because the definition of art is so individual. I believe as long as the art has some semblance of meaning, intention, idea or thought behind it, it merits it as being labeled as art. There are many people wrongly labeled as artists who create purely for financial gain or stature. This is detrimental to the integrity of other artists who serve their purpose in the art world purely because of the passion for their work. The censorship of art surrounding the attack on America September 11th disturbs me. The media’s cap on releasing any images surrounding the event especially images of the World Trade Center whether in advertising, movies or any element of visual culture is a limit on potential and creativity. The reactions of artists expressing their feelings concerning the event deserve to be shown. Not seeing the images is not going to lessen the severity of the situation at hand or make it go away. Perhaps the government believes by shielding the public from this part of visual culture, it will protect them. This principle of farther from the eye farther from the mind does not apply here. In fact, it might even prove to be the opposite effect and help people deal with the situation more readily. These ideas of labeling and censorship in dealing with the September 11th attacks tie into my own work. At a recent show I had in a friend’s home, a friend of my aunt’s asked me what an appropriate offer fo... Free Essays on Censorship Surrounding September 11th Free Essays on Censorship Surrounding September 11th Listen up maggots; you are not special. You are not a beautiful or unique snowflake.† –Fight Club- The September 11th attack on America has revolutionized the world’s understanding of visual culture. Society has been trying to label art forever. Censorship of art is a conflict that affects everyone, whether it be the artist themselves, the viewers, or nonviewers. Drawing the line between what is and isn’t considered art is a difficult task. The continual debate over modern art is a futile task because the definition of art is so individual. I believe as long as the art has some semblance of meaning, intention, idea or thought behind it, it merits it as being labeled as art. There are many people wrongly labeled as artists who create purely for financial gain or stature. This is detrimental to the integrity of other artists who serve their purpose in the art world purely because of the passion for their work. The censorship of art surrounding the attack on America September 11th disturbs me. The media’s cap on releasing any images surrounding the event especially images of the World Trade Center whether in advertising, movies or any element of visual culture is a limit on potential and creativity. The reactions of artists expressing their feelings concerning the event deserve to be shown. Not seeing the images is not going to lessen the severity of the situation at hand or make it go away. Perhaps the government believes by shielding the public from this part of visual culture, it will protect them. This principle of farther from the eye farther from the mind does not apply here. In fact, it might even prove to be the opposite effect and help people deal with the situation more readily. These ideas of labeling and censorship in dealing with the September 11th attacks tie into my own work. At a recent show I had in a friend’s home, a friend of my aunt’s asked me what an appropriate offer fo...

Data mining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Data mining - Essay Example Data-mining tools and techniques will also allow Spikes to predict the future behavior of the consumers and to develop advertising programs and promotions accordingly. Lucinda has been quite keen to develop customer profiles so that they are able to target the future sales campaigns in a better and cost effective way. Customer profiling is the process used by organizations to describe the characteristics of groups of customers by using relevant information from the available databases (Manifold Data Mining Inc., 2009). The drivers for their purchasing decisions and their discriminators from other customers are identified (Manifold Data Mining Inc., 2009) so that they can be used to market new products more effectively using data-mining. These customer profiles can be used to develop group specific marketing and sales plans. Customer profiles will also help Spikes to identify the most valuable customers so that their needs can be differentiated (Manifold Data Mining Inc., 2009) from the other customers. Customer profiling can also help improve one to one relationships with the customers. Using data-mining techniques, the customer data, orders associated with that customer and the data about the shoes associated with that order can be used to develop the customer profiles for Spikes. Therefore the profiles should contain the following data; CUSTOMER_NUMBER, FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, CITY, AGE, ORDER_QTY, TOTAL_ORDERS, TOTAL_PAYMENTS, TOTAL_SHOES_QTY. Most of these data fields will be derived from the databases using data-mining techniques and tools. This profiling will help Spikes define a better sales strategy, eliminate products not liked by the customers, introduce new products according to the preferences of the customers and gain higher response rates for promotional campaigns. Once the customers of Spikes start using the E-commerce website, individual data of each consumer will start building up in the Spikes

Literacy Criticism of Woody Allen film Manhattan Essay

Literacy Criticism of Woody Allen film Manhattan - Essay Example . and um... the 2nd movement of the Jupiter Symphony... and um... Louis Armstrong, recording of Potato Head Blues... um... Swedish movies, naturally... Sentimental Education by Flaubert... uh... Marlon Brando, Frank Sinatra... um... those incredible Apples and Pears by Cezanne... uh... the crabs at Sam Wos... uh... Tracys face.. This dialogue of Isaac (Woody Allen) revealed the philosophy and thesis of the film Manhattan. It disclosed Isaac’s mundane interpretation of life that he has to create a â€Å"fantasy† to make existence bearable. If we notice the contents of his dialogue, there is nothing metaphysical about it but is rather confined to the aesthetics of life such as Groucho Marx, Wilie Mays, 2nd movement of the Jupiter Symphony, Louis Armstrong, recording of Potato Head Blues, Swedish movies, Sentimental Education by Flaubert, Marlon Brando, Frank Sinatra, the crabs at Sam Wo and Tracy’s face (his 17 year old lover whom he broke up to have a relationship with Mary and later attempted to go back at her). It also revealed Woody Allen’s (who happened to write the film also) artistic inclination of his interpretation about life. The hesitation, content and seeming incongruity of this dialogue posits that for an individual living in a city like Manhattan have a meaning in life, one has to create a fanstasy, filled with indulgence (Crabs at Wo’s) and aesthetics. For Woody Allen, life is basically meaningless that one has to look for distractions through fantasy to fill the void. In Allen’s perspective, this distractions will keep our mind away from the ugly truth and inevitabilities of life. That after all of our pursuit, death will eventually come after an inevitable sickness, and we will all die. Such is life, that we might as well entertain ourselves in between. While I admire the artistic rendering of Woody Allen’s film Manhattan, I do not necessarily agree with his thesis that we have to distract ourselves from the

The history of geisha Essay Example for Free

The history of geisha Essay The history of geisha is often rooted to the 11th century into two noble women who invented a new dance on which they entertained the warriors. In order to represent the court dress of the warriors these women donned white outfits, and they wore tall hat, long white gown, and swords sheathed on their waists. The dance remained and as time progress the costumes changed into a black hat and red skirts and eventually the hat along with the sword were taken away from the picture. On the other hand, there are also some versions in the history of the geisha from which people believe that geisha were originally males who gave entertainment in a society they refers to as the water world. As time goes on there had been a huge transformation and came the emergence of female geisha. As the geisha’s popularity increased they started to entertain in tea houses and started setting the trend of those which are in in the Japanese culture. In 1779, however, the authorities were outraged with the way the geisha conducts their selves without paying taxes to the government and thus disciplinary rules were established along with a code of conducts which is still being uphold in today’s time. Geisha claim that they do not sell their bodies, but their skills and for that they should not be compared to a prostitute. Fact is, geisha are highly respected and admired people in society. Geisha are well aware of the rules of their profession and they are given a choice on whether they want to continue being a geisha or not. Since the geisha knows beforehand everything which they would face in the name of their profession they accept all their duties and do it them perfectly. Geisha could also be affected by the public in that they are â€Å"walking work of arts† and it is their goal to please those people to whom they are performing. The public’s acceptance and appreciation of their effort matters greatly to a geisha and this is basically the reason why they continue to hone their skills all throughout their lives (Cobb, 1998). Geisha is a Japanese term which basically means â€Å"artist†. Geisha are proficient hostesses who are well adept in keeping their guests amused by means of numerous art presentations. They could normally be seen in tea houses which they call O-chaya. Geisha are educated in several customary skills like Japanese ancient dances (Chiyo was noted to dance one of these dances alone in one part of the movie Memoirs of a Geisha), and songs. They are also educated in handling musical instruments and that is basically the reason why they play so beautifully. Aside from that, the geishas usually wear kimonos and they are highly proficient in tea ceremonies, calligraphy, conversation, serving the guests with alcoholic beverages, and many more. Geisha would have to study and strive to perfect all of these skills all throughout their careers (Downer, 2001). The success of a geisha is based on the way they exhibit beauty, grace, artistic skills, charisma, flawless good manners, sophistication, and elegance, thus contrary to what others may think, geishas are not prostitutes who make their livings by selling their bodies because in the contrary, geishas sells their skills and not their body and this is primarily the reason why in the movie Memoirs of a Geisha one of the ladies who handles geisha became so furious when she caught one of the geisha with a sperm on her legs, as a result the lady gave severe punishment to the geisha in question (Cobb, 1998). The only ones allowed in geisha houses are those guests who are established customers of the establishments and they do not take on new clients unless they are introduced by one of their old customers (this was also seen in the movie Memoirs of a Geisha). Basically, the being a geisha is an extremely expensive and exclusive business, in fact, geisha parties could cost a person thousands of American dollars. In 1920s geisha were about 80, 000 in number, however nowadays existing geisha are only about 10, 000 in number and this is partly due to the westernization taking place in Japan (Mishima, 2007). The roles of a geisha include training their selves in a variety of traditional arts like classical dancing, knowing how to play the Shamisen, and singing. Nowadays, geisha could also act as a model and they could even attend international tours. The work of a geisha is to entertain their guests at expensive tea houses, they would have to serve the guests their drinks, they have to talk with them, and most especially guests go to geisha houses to watch them perform. Geisha keep various different relationships with men, and yet they could not be called prostitutes. It is considered proper for a geisha to have herself a patron or what they call danna whom she is greatly involved with. Their involvement could come in financial, emotional, and even sexual terms and yet it is for the geisha to decide whether she wants to have a danna or not. Geisha could always be seen with their hair fashioned in a bun and they always wear chic kimonos and white make-ups (Marshall, 2005). Geisha also entertains at business meals and parties but these could costs a sizeable sum of money. One could rest assure that whatever it is talked about inside the premises would never be repeated by the geisha outside, also one should not expect geisha to do one-night stands because they do not, nor do they cook or serve their guests with food (Marshall, 2005). Basically, there are two kinds of geisha, the other one is referred to as tachikata (usually made up by maiko girls) and they mainly perform traditional dances the other one is called jikata (usually made up by older women) who usually perform by singing or playing an instrument (Marshall, 2005). Geisha are usually those who are daughters of a geisha or those who were sold by their relatives to an O-chaya. A large number of geisha were sold by their relatives because they either lost their parents or the family could not afford to raise them because of poverty. At the beginning of Memoirs of a Geisha, this was clearly depicted when Chiyo and her sister were separated and Chiyo ended up in the hands of an O-chaya (Fisher, Spielberg, and Wick 2005). The O-chaya would spend considerable amount of money in order to train beautiful young girls into the art of becoming a geisha. It is mainly the duty of the okamisan (mother who runs the O-chaya) to teach the girls into becoming proper geishas. The training is hard and rigorous, another aspect which was carefully portrayed in the movie. Upon reaching the age of 15-20 these girls eventually becomes maikos and they are made into an apprentice of a geisha, in Chiyo’s case the geisha she was apprenticed into is a vicious female. By the age of 20 a maiko is faced with a decision if she wants to carry on becoming a geisha or if she wants to quit. The initiation ceremony of becoming a geisha is called erigae, this also the same time when the girl’s virginity would be sold to the highest bidder (another factor which had been clearly illustrated in the movie), however, this kind of arrangement no longer takes place in today’s time. Basically, geisha are respected women in the society and they are known for their skills and beauty. They could not be likened to prostitutes in any way because surely, prostitutes are not admired by people and certainly they are not looked upon by young girls (in the Memoirs of a Geisha, Chiyo could be seen admiring the dresses, make-ups of a geisha, she is seen peeping and admiring the way a geisha conducts herself). Geisha are one of the most respected profession in Japan, in fact it is possible that it is the only profession in Japan a woman could have which would make her consistently rank her above men in the profession. Geisha also gives women opportunities to work in spite of their old age and due to the cultural and traditional values associated in this maintenance of traditional art geisha are given and treated with a great deal of respect they otherwise would not be able to acquire had they been given another profession (Fisher, Spielberg, and wick, 2005). Most geisha accepts their roles in the society and they even find their fate better that of other women. Most geisha have an intimate relationship with one of their clients and they are often referred to as the geisha’s patron. In traditional Japanese, almost every marriage was arranged by the parents or other relatives in order to ensure their status in lives. Due to this particular course of event, Japanese men were often found with two women in his lives, the one being the wife while the other is the woman the man really loves. It is then considered natural for powerful and influential men to have such arrangements in their lives and most of these women happen to be a geisha. However, a relationship between a geisha and her patron is not often based on love, usually they only manage to find contentment and some sort of a happy relationship without being tied to one another. Although a geisha and her patron may have an affectionate relationship it is not always based on love. In a way this somehow retains the contentment in spite of being married to the woman one does not love. As was mentioned earlier most geisha came from poverty stricken families and as such, marriage to a man of higher rank is somehow impossible for them, however, their status as a geisha gives them the chance to select which man she would have as a patron and she could have a happy life with her loved one which would have been impossible had she not been a geisha (Downer, 2001). The relationship between a wife and a geisha is not also strained or bad since geisha are not seen as a threat to marriage. Customarily the wife and the geisha have a different role to play in the Japanese society and as was already mentioned earlier most relationship between a geisha and her patron is not based on love and thus they are not seen as a threat to marriage. In fact, women usually know the identity of their spouse geisha and there are even times when the wife and geisha meet together. Geisha usually visits the house of their patron particularly during Obon Festival or New Year festivity on which the geisha would offer some sort of present to their patron’s wives, they also, at times, do some performances meant for the family of their customers. There are even times when a wife seeks the help of a geisha in persuading her husband into doing something. Geisha’s are also present in the funeral of their patron’s and most of the times they are the ones in charge in making the necessary preparations something which the family accepts and welcome especially in their time of grief (Cobb, 1998). It is thus a sad thing that the umber of geisha are dwindling due to the westernization of Japanese culture as well as for the fact that geisha comes in expensive prices, something men are no longer very willing to pay especially since there are those hostesses who are not as expensive as geisha are. Another reason why their numbers are dwindling is because the training to be a geisha is very expensive and demanding. Most geisha nowadays (including those which could be found in Kyoto) is not really the same as the traditional geisha of before. In fact, the numbers of real geisha are low and they could mostly be found only in Kyoto. It is even probable that years from now â€Å"real geisha† would no longer be available. Although most westerner sees geisha as some kind of prostitution, such is not the case. Nowadays, geisha themselves chooses to be a geisha because of their love for art and in this regard there is basically no reason why this should be seen as a prostitution of some sort (Downer, 2001). Basically of the facts stated earlier in this paper regarding the lives of a geisha were clearly portrayed in the movie â€Å"Memoirs of a Geisha†. Although you could fault the movie in other ways, one could not really say that the movie or the book from which it was based was made without thorough and meticulous research on the lives of a geisha. As mentioned earlier, most geisha were sold on O-chaya by their relatives because of poverty and this is also what happened with Chiyo and her sister. Chiyo, though was easily accepted in the O-chaya because of her beauty and blue eyes. However, her sister did not meet the same fate and thus, she was sold elsewhere. The public treats a geisha with respect and admire their so many skills and the geisha reap the rewards of their hard labor to perfect so many arts once they are greatly admired by their audiences. Hatsumomo, the vicious geisha Chiyo was apprenticed to saw a threat and a rival in Chiyo’s person, and this is because geisha are respected figures and they are greatly admire by people. One reason probably why Hatsumomo acts the way she did is because she had been so drunk with the glory she reaped from the public from being an excellent geisha that she does not want to share any of it to Chiyo. She also fears that all of those glories would be taken away from her because of Chiyo’s potentials, not to mention the fact that she fears that the O-chaya would be left to Chiyo instead of her. Influence of people could also be seen in the movie when Chiyo, as a young girl was shown kindness by a good gentleman she met in the market, from then on Chiyo promised herself that she would be an excellent geisha and she would make the gentleman she met, her patron (Fisher, Spielberg, and wick, 2005). It was mentioned earlier that maikos were put under tutelage of geisha so that they would be able to better master the art of becoming a geisha. This particular aspect of a gisha’s life was also seen in the movie in that although the geisha Chiyo was apprenticed to a geisha with a vicious streak, Chiyo still had the good fortune to be apprenticed to another geisha, â€Å"Mameha†. Under Mameha’s tutelage, Chiyo blossomed into the butterfly she really is. Again, a geisha is not an exalted prostitute, rather a geisha is a social entertainer adept in many skills and this was also finely illustrated in the movie. In the movie, they show what a geisha really is like. Geisha represents the mysterious and rare ideal of Japanese femininity; this is evident in that every little detail from flower arrangement to the proper etiquette ought to be present in a geisha. In an O-chaya, no one could fault a geisha for anything in that they worked hard and rigorously to ensure that their attitude and skills are perfect when they are faced with guests (Cobb, 1998). Before, a geisha’s virginity is sold to the highest bidder, and this was mentioned earlier in this paper. However, such things no longer occur at today’s point in time. The setting of the movie â€Å"Memoirs of a Geisha† though happened in the early 90s and thus there was a scene wherein a geisha’s virginity was sold to the highest bidder. The movie also illustrated how the most successful geisha becomes mistresses of the most powerful and influential men in the country. A geisha knows this stuff, and as was mentioned earlier in this paper they are given a chance on whether a maiko wants to continue becoming a geisha or not. Thus, a geisha have to accept everything which accompanies their line of profession an this easy acquiescence was evident when Choyo (or Sayuri, her geisha name) did her best to please the chairman while alternately struggling against and submitting to the attentions of the Chairman’s business partner, Nobu, a creepy doctor, and The Baron (Fisher, spielberg, and Wick, 2005). As was mentioned earlier in this paper Japanese marriages are usually decided upon by the family and they are usually based on how they could better retain or enhance their current situation in the society, thus Japanese marriages are not based on love but on convenience and among geisha’s role is to better this course of event by stimulating men who are aggravated with their arranged marriages. The geisha plays an important role in making these men enjoy their selves with intelligent female companions without the geisha having the need to have sex with these men just to please them. The Westerners usually views a geisha as a very expensive prostitute but a prostitute nonetheless. However, Japanese knows better and that although the geisha’s job requires them to please their customer and to somehow flirt with them if necessary, the customers still knows that nothing could come out of those light-hearted innuendos since a geisha is prohibited to engage in a sexual intercourse for money, not even for love and thus the only course of action for an in love geisha is to leave her profession and marry (Cobb, 1998). The notion that a geisha is an expensive prostitute may be traced in the times when Japan was occupied by Americans since a number of prostitutes pretended to be a geisha and sold their bodies to American GIs. It is then that when the American GIs left for their homeland the notion that a geisha is a prostitute was instilled in their minds. In the movie however, they showed real geisha who did not stick with the rules and one of them is Chiyo’s best friend, who sold her body to American GIs. However, the film was still successful in showing what a geisha’s life is like and this is not surprising considering the fact that the story was derived from a real life experience of a geisha (Berardinelli, 2005). To conclude, geisha are not prostitutes, instead they are what others refer to as â€Å"Walking Form of Art† in that they were highly adept in so many kills which requires artistic talents. A geisha is a respected member of a society and this is also one main difference they have with a prostitute. A geisha is treated by society with respect and not contempt and they also have impeccable manners which made it easier for people to respect and admire them at the same time. A geisha also knows the rules and regulations of being a geisha and they accept them without questions since for them acquiescence is a must. The public or their customer’s approval as well as being able to hone their artistic talents is among the greatest reward which could attract a person into becoming a geisha, however only a select few are allowed the chance to be one since geisha needs to be beautiful and to talented at the same time. In this regard, one could never really say that geisha are not to be respected and they are nothing but expensive prostitutes for they are not. A geisha is a walking form of art and they are treated with respect by the society. Works Cited Berardinelli, James. â€Å"Geisha. † (2005). December 8, 2007 http://www. reelviews. net/movies. html. Cobb, Jodi. Geisha: The Life, the Voices, the Art Knopf; New Ed edition, 1998. Downer, Lesley. Geisha Headline Book Publishing; New Ed edition, 2001. Memoirs of a Geisha. 2005. Lucy Fisher, Steven Spielberg and Douglas Wick. Mishima Shizuko. â€Å"Japanese Geisha† (2007). December 8, 2007 http://gojapan. about. com/od/geisha/. Underwood, Eleanor. The Life of a Geisha Smithmark Publishers, 1999.

Fickle Feminism Essay -- Essays Papers

Fickle Feminism "Why did the woman cross the road?" you tell me. In Judith Timson's article, "What's a Girl to do?" she argues what stereotypes women are accepting and doing away with. Written in 2001, Timson is speaking to females in general, focusing on girl's interpretation of the media's messages, understanding of the choices females have, and women's acceptanceof their image despite the media's stereotypical image. By raising questions and room for interpretation about these issues, Timson arguesthat society is counteracting with the positive and strong images that women have fought so hard for. The goal of this article is to try and understand the role of females in our media-crazed society today. The author is trying to convey the serious problem dealing with the image of women by using sarcasm and humor. Timson describes her encounter with a stereotypical joke her adolescent daughter picks up from school. She uses this to grab the attention of the reader because not only does it make the reader (hopefully) angry due to the outdated joke, it considers what has happened to the years of struggle that women have faced to secure equal rights and a positive and strong image in society. To appeal to an audience consisting mainly of women who play many roles, Timson shares her own personal experiences as a working mother and wife. She also uses societal friendly examples such as discussing issues with Playboy, actresses such as Jennifer Lopez, and influences such as Cosmopolitan Magazine. These issues keep the reader tied to the article while raising the important concern of what kind of messages these are for the quickly maturing girls of our time. As our youth are becoming more mature at an ea... ...g that these are the images that all women have chosen; they are instead saying that this is the image the media has chosen for them. So why, after so many years of bra-burning and protesting, have women lagged behind on their upkeep of a positive image in society? Judith Timson's article is a prime argument for the media's influence on the image of women. Her argument that women are stuck in a stereotypical limbo of who and what to be in our world today is credible and intelligent, while funny and intriguing. Timson's experience as a growing woman in the 21st century is reflected in her questions and opinions on the mixed-messages women are facing. Works Cited Timson, Judith. "What's a Girl to do?". Macleans's. 114 (2001): 44- 50. Academic Search Premier, University of Dayton, Roesch Library. http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=5065583&ab=aph.>.

Syed Mokhtar Al Bukhary

He was born at Kampung Hutan Keriang in Alor Setar, Kedah in 1951. It was nine years later that his mother, Sharifah Rokiah, packed him off to stay with his British soldier uncle in Johor Bahru. He returned to Alor Setar in 1966, continued his Form Three studies at St Michael’s Secondary School, and helping out with his father’s cattle trading business. He dropped out of school before completing Form Five, ventured into meat trading after his father called it a day when the cattle business was badly affected by the foot and mouth disease.From there, he went into rice trading, the transportation business, garment contract manufacturing (for JCPenny and Kmart), property development and a host of other businesses. And he did not wait to become a rich man to share his wealth with the unfortunate. He started giving when he was still struggling as a rice trader. His mother had urged him to contribute to the poor, regardless of race or religion. So he made arrangements for hal f of his income of RM1,500 then to be donated to 15 needed families in his village.It is a practice that continues till this day, with poor families receiving RM50 each every month. He has also been sponsoring some 50 pilgrims to perform their Haj every year since 1990s. Charity is his all-consuming passion. It has been the cornerstone of his business world from the start. â€Å"Wealth has to circulate. When you make money, you have to give it away. â€Å"My mother taught us nothing is yours until you have given it away with all your heart in the hope it will make someone’s life easier.†As far as Syed Mokhtar is concerned, he is merely the steward of wealth that is meant to be spent in the service of mankind. In 2007, the May 20 edition of the World Business nominated Syed Mokhtar as one of the Top 20 â€Å"Progressive Asians†, citing him as one â€Å"who has no interest in personal aggrandisement. † In 2008, Malaysia honoured him as Tokoh Ma’al H ijrah 1429H or Man of the year 2008 in recognition of his contributions to the country. The same year, he was recognised as one of the leading philanthropists in Asia by Forbes.The Most Fearful 70 minutes in Syed Mokhtar's life Assalamualaikum and hi! Today I would like to tell you an episode of Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar Al Bukhary's life. Hope you will enjoy it! It was the most frightening 70 minutes for Syed Mokhtar when he met Dr Mahathir, who was a Malaysian Prime Minister at that time. The meeting held on January 16, 1997 which has lasted for 70 minutes has become a very unforgettable memory in his life. When he meet Dr Mahathir , Syed Mokhtar has been treated unfriendly.Dr Mahathir did not smile when he greeted him. Syed Mokhtar felt very nervous when he sees the serious face of Dr Mahathir. Dr Mahathir did not even ask him to seat. So he decided to sit and present all the documents he had prepared on its business at Kedah even without being asked. After 70 minutes passed Dr Mahath ir still did not speak even a word. Syed Mokhtar decided to leave all of his documents and walk out of Dr. Mahathir’s room. This incidence has become the most terrifying 70 minutes for Syed Mokhtar and will be remembered forever.However, the fear was eventually paid off because he has successfully implemented projects that he presented to Dr Mahathir. I think maybe Dr Mahathir has his own reason for treating Syed Mokhtar like that. Still, if I was him I might have fainted in front of Dr Mahathir. That was so nerve-recking, I can tell you. 8 interesting facts about Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar Al-Bukhary 1) He still driving an old models of Proton Perdana that he purchased before he became the owner of Proton Company itself (page viii) 2) He is a very sentimental person.His first office at Teluk Wanjah, Alor Setar is still preserved in its original condition, including the original furniture that has been used since 1975, as well as the earliest rice trucks, cars and scales owned rice company. Everything is still kept up until today. 3) Syed Mokhtar Albukhary will drive back to Alor Setar each month to visit his mother, Sharifah Rokiah, although he is more than capable of using private plane , or at least use a personal driver (page viii) 4) He also has never been a member of any exclusive club as the prevalence of any successful corporate figure.(page 3) 5)Do not like to sleep in air-conditioned room, but after getting married, he compromised on this. (page187) 6) Every single year he will go to Mecca to perform the Umrah. (page 171) 7) He also sponsored 50 paupers for pilgrimage every single year. (page 72) 8) He is also not a racist person. He is practicing of donating part of his income to poor families, regardless of their race. (page 119) Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar Albukhary, is well known as as a â€Å"Philanthropist Millionaire†. Born in 1951 in Alor Setar, Kedah, from a family ofHadhramawt, Yemen origin, Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar and his seven siblings had a very simple life when they were young. Due to hardship in life, he only managed attend school until Form Five in order to give way to his other siblings to further their studies. His success story in business began by helping his parents in cattle business around 1960-an. However, this did not last long due to the outbreak of disease which hit their livestock. Hence, Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar took other initiative by applying for MARA’s assistance to start a lorry business in the 1970s.The lorry company which is known as Syarikat Kenderaan Sentosa (Sentosa Vehicle Company) now owns more than 40 lorries. Know as a man with a vision, his efforts did not stop at that point. In 1974, Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar bought his first shop house under the hire-purchase agreement with Urban Development Authority of Malaysia (UDA). The next year, he expanded his business empire by establishing Shah Company, known as a rice supplier to FELDA, MARA Senama, Pernas Edar and Sergam Sdn Bhd after having succeeded in obtaining the rice trading license from Lembaga Padi Negara or BERNAS.Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar described his achievement in business was the outcome of government’s initiative in implementing the New Economy Policy (NEP). Since then, Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar’s business continued to expand rapidly until he was awarded as one of the richest Bumiputera corporate figure in Malaysia, received recognition from Malaysian Business as the seventh richest man in Malaysia in 2005 and recently named as the fiftieth richest man by Forbes in 2013.This Malaysian tycoon has expanded his business empire at a bigger scale by owning a controlling interest in giant companies in Malaysia such as MMC Corporation Berhad, Tanjung Pelepas Port, BERNAS, Malakoff Berhad, Johor Port Berhad, to name a few. Known as a generous figure with a remarkable humanity, he set up the Islamic Art Museum, Al-Bukhary Foundation, Al-Bukhary International University as well as Al-Bukhary Complex.Besides tha t, he was also responsible in the renovations of the National Mosque and sponsors the less fortunate Malaysians to perform their Hajj. More recent, this millionaire with a big heart has built several mosques in some districts in Negeri Sembilan, apart from Alor Setar, Senai Airport, Johor and also at Jalan Pudu. As a â€Å"Philanthropist Millionaire†, an honorable value which has been instilled by his parents when he was young, Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar is a humble man and never acts parsimonious with the knowledge he possesses as well as  his recipe of success in business.Taken from Syed Mokhtar Albukhary: A Biography by Premilla Mohanlall, he once said, â€Å"My mother taught us that we have nothing until we give what we have sincerely, with the hope that it will make other people’s lives better. † It is clear that humility is his top priority when he said, â€Å"A lesson to me is that we must always remember our origin, where we come from and remain humble when we are blessed with good fortune. Otherwise, we might fall. †

Development in Late Adulthood Essay

Daniel Levinson depicts the late adulthood period as those years that encompass age 65 and beyond. Other developmental psychologists further divide later adulthood into young-old (ages 65–85) and old-old (ages 85 and beyond) stages. Today, 13 percent of the population is over the age of 65, compared with 3 percent at the beginning of this century. This dramatic increase in the demographics of older adulthood has given rise to the discipline of gerontology, or the study of old age and aging. Gerontologists are particularly interested in confronting ageism, or prejudice and discrimination against older adults. Aging inevitably means physical decline, some of which may be due to lifestyle, such as poor diet and lack of exercise, rather than illness or the aging process. Energy reserves dwindle. Cells decay. Muscle mass decreases. The immune system is no longer as capable as it once was in guarding against disease. Body systems and organs, such as the heart and lungs, become less efficient. Overall, regardless of people’s best hopes and efforts, aging translates into decline. Even so, the speed at which people age, as well as how aging affects their outlook on life, varies from person to person. In older adulthood, people experience both gains and losses. For instance, while energy is lost, the ability to conserve energy is gained. Age also brings understanding, patience, experience, and wisdom—qualities that improve life regardless of the physical changes that may occur. Aging in late adulthood profoundly affects appearance, sensation, and motor abilities. An older adult’s appearance changes as wrinkles appear and the skin becomes less elastic and thin. Small blood vessels break beneath the surface of the skin, and warts, skin tags, and age spots (liver spots) may form on the body. Hair thins and turns gray as melanin decreases, and height lessens perhaps by an inch or two as bone density decreases. The double standard of aging applies to men and women in older adulthood just as it did in middle adulthood. Older men may still be seen as distinguished, while older women are labeled as grandmotherly, over the hill, and past the prime of life. During late adulthood, the senses begin to dull. With age, the lenses of the eye discolor and become rigid, interfering with the perception of color and distance and the ability to read. Without corrective glasses, nearly half the elderly population would be legally blind. Hearing also diminishes, especially the ability to detect high-pitched sounds. As a result, the elderly may develop suspiciousness or even a mild form of paranoia—unfounded distrustfulness—in response to not being able to hear well. They may attribute bad intentions to those whom they believe are whispering or talking about them, rather than correctly attributing their problems to bad hearing. Hearing problems can be corrected with hearing aids, which are widely available. The sense of taste remains fairly intact into old age, even though the elderly may have difficulty distinguishing tastes within blended foods. By old age, however, the sense of smell shows a marked decline. Both of these declines in sensation may be due to medications, such as antihypertensives, as well as physical changes associated with old age. In addition to changes in appearance and the dulling of the senses, reflexes slow and fine motor abilities continue to decrease with old age. By late adulthood, most adults have noticed a gradual reduction in their response time to spontaneous events. This is especially true of older adults who drive. While routine maneuvers on familiar streets may pose fewer problems than novel driving situations, older adults’ reaction times eventually decline to the point that operating a vehicle is too hazardous. However, many elderly are hesitant to give up driving because the sacrifice would represent the end of their personal autonomy and freedom. Generally, older adults score lower overall on tests of manual dexterity than do younger adults. Older adults may find that their fine motor skills and performance speed decrease in some areas but not in others. For instance, an elderly lifelong pianist may continue to exhibit incredible finger dexterity at the keyboard, but may at the same time find that taking up needlepoint as a hobby is too difficult. Although the average life expectancy is 79 for females and 72 for males, older adulthood can easily extend 20 years or more beyond these figures. As older adults age, most report increasing health problems. Even so, only about 5 percent of adults over age 65 and 25 percent of those over age 85 live in nursing homes, foster care (where elderly people live with a family licensed by the state to care for aging adults), or other long-term care facilities. With medical advances and continued improvements in health-care delivery, the older population is expected to increase in its numbers and report better health. Estimates are that within the next 30 years, one out of every five Americans will be an older adult. Although most older adults have at least one chronic health problem, such ilments need not pose limitations on activities well into the adults’ 80s and beyond. The most common medical concerns during older adulthood are arthritis and rheumatism, cancer, cataracts of the eyes, dental problems, diabetes, hearing and vision problems, heart disease, hypertension, and orthopedic injuries. Because the elderly are at greater risk of losing their balance and falling, hip fractures and breakages are particularly common and dangerous in this age group. Contracting colds and flus can have especially serious repercussions for the elderly. This is due, in part, to the reduced capacity of older adults’ body organs and immune system to fight disease. Unfortunate, but not uncommon, is the following scenario: An elderly person falls at home and breaks a hip bone, undergoes successful hip-replacement surgery, and then dies two weeks later from postoperative pneumonia or other infections because of reduced reserve capacity and inability to recover from infection. Inadequate nutrition and the misuse of medication also may be implicated in older adults who suffer from poor health. By the time adults reach age 65, they need 20 percent fewer calories than they did in their youth, but they still need the same amount of nutrients. This may explain, in part, why so many older Americans are overweight but undernourished. Additionally, cooking becomes a hassle for many older adults, and they find it easier to eat fast food, junk food, or nothing at all. Furthermore, many elderly unintentionally overuse prescription medication or combine medications that, when used together, produce toxic effects. As the body ages and potentially becomes more sensitive to the effects of prescription medications, drug dosages should be carefully monitored and assessed by a physician. Many elderly who have been hospitalized in near-death condition begin to recover as soon as their medications are reduced or stopped. Life expectancy can be prolonged through exercise. Older adults who have kept active, remained fit, and eaten wholesome foods throughout their lives tend to fare better than those who have not. This should be a lesson to younger adults who have an opportunity to modify their health habits early in life. The mental, emotional, and behavioral problems typically encountered by older adults are depression, anxiety, and dementia (mental deterioration, also known as organic brain syndrome. Poor nutrition, inadequate sleep, metabolic problems, and strokes may cause dementia, which affects 4 percent of those over age 65. (Dementia due to strokes is sometimes termed multi-infarct dementia. ) Older adults with dementia experience forgetfulness, confusion, and personality changes. Many people use the term senility to refer to dementia, which is incorrect. Senility does not have a precise or actual medical meaning; it is an overused and nonspecific term, like the word neurosis. Similar in symptoms to dementia is Alzheimer’s disease, an irreversible degenerative brain disorder that can affect as many as 50 percent of older adults over age 85 and eventually results in death. Early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease include agitation, confusion, difficulty concentrating, loss of memory and orientation, and trouble speaking. Later symptoms include the inability to use or understand language, and total loss of control over bodily functions. Unfortunately, Alzheimer’s is still a mystery to doctors and other scientists. In fact, the only certain diagnostic procedure for Alzheimer’s disease is the analysis of autopsied brain tissue. The exact causes of Alzheimer’s disease continue to elude researchers, although some suspect that genetics and malfunctions in enzyme activity may play a role. People often fear that aging will cause their intellect to disappear, giving way to cognitive impairment and irrationality. However, intellectual decline is not an inevitable consequence of aging. Research does not support the stereotypic notion of the elderly losing general cognitive functioning or that such loss, when it does occur, is necessarily disruptive. Older adults tend to learn more slowly and perform less well on tasks involving imagination and memorization than do younger adults, but what older adults may be lacking in terms of specific mental tasks, they make up for in wisdom, or expert and practical knowledge based on life experience. Many older adults complain about not being able to remember things as well as they once could. Memory problems seem to be due to sensory storage problems in the short-term rather than long-term memory processes. That is, older adults tend to have much less difficulty recalling names and places from long ago than they do acquiring and recalling new information. Practice and repetition may help minimize the decline of memory and other cognitive functions. Researchers have found that older adults can improve their scores on assorted tests of mental abilities with only a few hours of training. Working puzzles, having hobbies, learning to use a computer, and reading are a few examples of activities or approaches to learning that can make a difference in older adults’ memory and cognitive functions. Recent decades have witnessed older adults’ growing interest in continuing their education. In fact, many colleges and community centers offer classes for free or at a significant discount for senior citizens. Although keeping up with a class of 20 year olds may be a challenge, older adults can learn new information if it is presented clearly, slowly, and over a period of time. Older adults also can enrich the learning process for others through the insight and wisdom they’ve gained from life experience. Younger students often remark that they appreciate the practical perspective that their older colleagues offer. Older adults who have kept their minds active and fit continue to learn and grow, but perhaps more gradually than their younger colleagues. Patience and understanding (on the part of both the elderly and their significant others), memory training, and continued education are important for maintaining mental abilities and the quality of life in the later years.

The 11 Best GED Practice Tests to Help You Prepare

The 11 Best GED Practice Tests to Help You Prepare SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Having your GED can open many doors for you, including getting a better job or being able to attend college, so you want to give yourself the best shot at getting a passing score. For most people, this means they’ll need to spend some serious time studying for the GED, and one of the best ways to prepare is to take GED practice tests. This guide contains all the best practice GED tests available, including official, free, and paid practice tests. We explain where to find them, how much they cost, what each test’s pros and cons are, and we also give general advice on what to look for in a GED practice test. What Makes a Good GED Practice Test? GED practice tests give you a feel for the test, help you learn what topics you’ll be tested on, and find out how much studying you need to do to pass. However, not all practice tests are high quality, and taking a poorly-designed GED practice test can actually end up lowering your score because you’ll study the wrong topics and possible neglect areas you should be studying. Additionally, because the GED was recently updated in 2019, outdated practice tests can also cause you to study the wrong information. The best practice GED tests are those that are closest to the actual GED in terms of length, format, difficulty, and the material they test. When you take a high-quality GED practice test, you’ll get a feel for how quickly you should answer questions to finish the section in time, which subjects you struggle with and need to practice, how the GED words questions, and how well you’re scoring on each section overall. You can then take this information and use it to develop a study plan that focuses on building up your weaknesses so you can pass each section of the GED. The GED consists of four sections, and you need to pass all four sections (though not all at the same time) to get your GED. The test is taken on the computer, and each section has a specific time length: Mathematics: 115 minutes Social Studies: 90 minutes Science: 90 minutes Reasoning Through Language Arts: 150 minutes (including a 10-minute break) In the rest of this article we go over different options you have for GED practice tests. As an overall plan, we recommend taking an official GED practice test for at least the sections you’re struggling the most on, purchasing a prep book to give yourself more high-quality practice tests, and supplementing with free GED practice tests to get more practice in any weak areas you still have remaining. Where to Find Official GED Practice Tests If you can afford to purchase official GED practice tests, we highly recommend that you do. Official practice tests are made by the same people who make the actual GED. This makes them the gold standard because you can be sure they will match the format, content, and difficulty of the actual GED. GED Ready sells official GED practice tests, and they cost $6 per subject. If you were to purchase a practice test for each of the four sections, that would cost you a total of $24.The practice tests are computer-based, and after you complete each section, you’ll receive your results and information on how likely you are to pass that section. These are high-quality practice questions that will give you a great feel for the real GED, but there are some drawbacks. First, each section is only half as long as it will be on the actual GED, which gives you less practice and doesn’t allow you to learn how well you’ll hold up during a longer test. Next, you can only take each practice test once. You can purchase multiple practice tests for each GED subject, but that can get expensive quickly, so you really need to make the most out of the one time you can take each practice test. You can also purchase official flashcards with practice questions on them. These aren’t quite as good a study tool as practice tests, especially if you only study a few at a time, because they don’t give you the same experience of taking a full-length test. However, they are a good resource if you want additional study practice (although they likely contain many of the same questions the practice tests do, so we don’t recommend purchasing both). There are thousands of flashcards for each GED subject, and it costs $15 for 30 days worth of access per subject. Where to Find the Best Paid GED Practice Tests After the official GED practice tests, these are the best resources to use because they are still a close match to the actual GED in terms of format and quality of the questions. The best paid GED practice tests come from prep books that can be purchased as a physical book or an ebook. Below are the three best GED prep books available. Kaplan GED Test Prep Plus Price: About $20 If you only want to pay for one set of GED practice tests, we recommend you purchase the Kaplan prep book. It’s not an official source, but Kaplan works with the official makers of the GED to create very realistic practice tests. These practice tests are second only to official prep materials in terms of quality. This GED prep book comes with two full-length practice tests (one in the book and one online), over 1,000 practice questions, and written and video lessons. Two practice tests isn’t a huge amount, and some resources offer more, but the materials that you get with this book are high quality, and it’s a good overall resource for people looking for the whole study package: lessons, practice questions, and complete exams. Test Prep Books: GED Preparation Price: About $18 For those looking for a GED practice test with more explanation on how to solve tricky questions, the GED Preparation book by Test Prep Books may be the choice for you. It only includes one full-length practice test, but it has in-depth explanations for all the questions, as well as explanations for all the topics you need to know for the exam. If you’re struggling to raise your score, you can use this book to learn the material you need, then take the test it includes to see how much you’ve improved (although you’ll likely need to take additional practice tests from other sources to get enough practice in). Princeton Review: 5 Practice Exams for the GED Price: About $15 Princeton Review offers a GED prep book which contains five practice exams and over 800 practice questions. This is great if you’re looking for a lot of GED practice, but they aren’t quite as good a resource as the official or Kaplan practice tests. Some of the practice tests are shorter than the actual GED tests, which can make it difficult to figure out if you’re answering questions quickly enough to finish the test in time. Others mentioned that these practice questions are harder than the actual GED, so they ended up studying topics they didn’t need to know. If you’re looking for a lot of practice, this book can be useful, but make sure you’re aware of its shortcomings. Where to Find the Best Free GED Practice Tests While there are some good free GED practice tests available, none of them are awesome, so we highly recommend paying for at least one practice test so you know what a high-quality practice GED looks like. Free GED practice tests range from good to pretty bad, so be careful which free resources you use. Many aren’t updated for the newest version of the exam, some don’t have the same format as the actual GED, and some don’t test the same topics or have the same level of difficulty as the GED. In this section, we go over all the best free GED practice tests that are available. Be aware that, for all free GED practice tests, none are as long as the actual GED, and many are quite a bit shorter, so you can’t use them to get practice taking a full-length practice test. Test Prep Toolkit This is one of the better free GED practice tests available. It’s updated for 2019, is fairly long (though not as long as the actual GED), and has in-depth answer explanations. There are about 25 questions per section, which isn’t as much practice as some of the sites that offer 100s of questions, but they’re a close match to what you’ll see on the GED. Union Test Prep This is a solid practice test with questions that are similar to what you’ll see on the GED. A drawback is that it has some formatting differences compared to the actual test, and you’ll see if you got the question right immediately after you answer it, instead of waiting until the end of the section like the real GED. Also, the test isn’t timed, so if you’re working to improve your timing, you’ll need to use additional GED practice tests. Test Guide These practice tests are significantly shorter than the actual GED, making them more like practice quizzes, but they are fully updated and are similar to actual GED questions. There are multiple tests for each section of the test, and the site also includes answer explanations and information about the format of the GED. GED Practice Questions Similar to the Test Guide resources, this site includes numerous short practice tests for each section of the GED. The practice tests are each significantly shorter than the actual GED so you can’t use this site to practice the GED’s format, but it’s another source of good practice questions. GED Practice Test 2019 Edition (App) This highly-rated Android app includes over 1,000 practice questions you can study with. The questions include in-depth answer explanations, and the app automatically stores all the questions you get wrong in a challenge bank so you can try them again. You can also set score goals and get notifications when you meet them. The major drawback of this app is that it doesn’t use the same format as the actual GED does, so it’s better for shorter study sessions compared to taking it as a full-length test. Mometrix Mometrix includes a practice test for each of the GED sections. The practice test is fairly short, about 15 questions in each section, but the questions are high-quality, so it makes a good resource if you need a bit of additional GED practice. Varsity Tutors Varsity Tutors has dozens of GED practice quizzes. Most of these quizzes are quite short, some just a few questions long, but they are broken into specific categories which can be useful if you’re looking to target your studying. For example, the GED Math practice tests are broken into categories such as linear algebra, finding slope, and circles. There are also longer GED diagnostic tests for the Math, Social Studies, and Language Arts sections. Summary: GED Practice Tests If you’re studying for the GED, you absolutely need to take practice tests to make sure you’re on track to pass each section of the exam. Practice tests are great because they give you a feel for the GED and let you know which areas you still need to improve in. The absolute best practice tests are official practice tests because you can be sure they’ll match the real GED, but there are also unofficial options (both paid and free) available). What's Next? What is a GED?Read our complete guide on GEDs for everything you need to know about this important exam. If you're hoping to attend college but are unsure howto begin the search process, check out this step by step guide for doing college research. Students who earn a GED may choose to attend community college for a year or two and then transfer to a four-year college. Read our complete guide to transferring colleges to learn more about this process.

Free Essays on Slaying The Minotaur

On Slaying the Minotaur Plato’s â€Å"Phaedo† discusses many human difficulties and attempts to discover ways to overcome such difficulties. The most important deficiency is the human condition the â€Å"Phaedo† deals with concerns death and the continuation of the spirit into an afterlife. The plot centers around Socrates and two of his fourteen students who are present named Cebes and Simmias. Socrates, throughout the dialogue, undertakes a task attempting to deny the time where people are most human, the point of death. Socrates tries to show his students an avenue to salvation through a philosophic life. This essay outlines Socrates arguments attempting to overcome and solve the human fear of a final death. Socrates willingly accepts death, but Cebes and Simmias are unhappy about his death. The two don’t understand death as Socrates does; they are not on his level. Cebes and Simmias worry they will die without the comprehension of death Socrates possesses. They are emotionally attached to Socrates and fear death. Socrates must wean both Simmias and Cebes from their attachment to him and to show them not to fear death. Therefore, Socrates must set an example for not only those two, but also for others who fear death and he declares, â€Å"I should make my defense against these charges just as in the Law of court† (63B). To calm those fears Socrates gives a speech declaring that at death the Soul completely separates from the body. Socrates puts emphasis on the soul because the body is dying; he recognizes the body and raises the soul. To accomplish his mission Socrates employs three arguments, that of contraries and that from recollection, followed by his â€Å"se cond sailing†. In the argument of contraries Socrates states, â€Å"let’s investigate whether it’s necessary for whatever has some contrary to be from no where else but from its own contrary† (70E). He uses the examples of opposites such as little to... Free Essays on Slaying The Minotaur Free Essays on Slaying The Minotaur On Slaying the Minotaur Plato’s â€Å"Phaedo† discusses many human difficulties and attempts to discover ways to overcome such difficulties. The most important deficiency is the human condition the â€Å"Phaedo† deals with concerns death and the continuation of the spirit into an afterlife. The plot centers around Socrates and two of his fourteen students who are present named Cebes and Simmias. Socrates, throughout the dialogue, undertakes a task attempting to deny the time where people are most human, the point of death. Socrates tries to show his students an avenue to salvation through a philosophic life. This essay outlines Socrates arguments attempting to overcome and solve the human fear of a final death. Socrates willingly accepts death, but Cebes and Simmias are unhappy about his death. The two don’t understand death as Socrates does; they are not on his level. Cebes and Simmias worry they will die without the comprehension of death Socrates possesses. They are emotionally attached to Socrates and fear death. Socrates must wean both Simmias and Cebes from their attachment to him and to show them not to fear death. Therefore, Socrates must set an example for not only those two, but also for others who fear death and he declares, â€Å"I should make my defense against these charges just as in the Law of court† (63B). To calm those fears Socrates gives a speech declaring that at death the Soul completely separates from the body. Socrates puts emphasis on the soul because the body is dying; he recognizes the body and raises the soul. To accomplish his mission Socrates employs three arguments, that of contraries and that from recollection, followed by his â€Å"se cond sailing†. In the argument of contraries Socrates states, â€Å"let’s investigate whether it’s necessary for whatever has some contrary to be from no where else but from its own contrary† (70E). He uses the examples of opposites such as little to...

Critical appraisal of a research paper Assignment

Critical appraisal of a research paper - Assignment Example 1). The research paradigm: The introduction section of an article is aimed at identifying the research problem, to determine the magnitude of the problem in the society and to provide the rationale behind carrying out the study, as suggested by Parahoo (2006). In this paper, the background to the research objective is clearly and adequately explained in the introduction. The authors shed light on both the significance of narratives in an individual’s lives and the role of narratives in describing ones experience of a chronic illness in a precise manner. Moreover, they also describe the DIPEx database which was used to extract the information of the patient’s narratives utilized in this study (Cheshire & Ziebland, 2005, p. 1). The most important aspect of this study is narratives. The authors have used the classic definition of narrative as defined in previous literature and have discussed the different sections and forms of narratives, in order to provide the readers wi th a sufficient background to aid their understanding of the upcoming sections of the research paper. Thus, overall, the authors have provided sufficient background and have laid down the conceptual framework for this research, which is a requirement of any good research paper (Holliday, 2004, p. 68) Research questions /hypotheses/ issues: Although the authors provided a justifiable rationale for conducting this study (Treloar, Champness, Simpson, & Higginbotham, 2000, p. 347) in the introduction section of their paper, they have not provided any properly formulated research hypothesis. They do mention the issue that they want to address, i.e.: to examine how individuals express their experiences of illnesses using narratives, but the research question itself is not expressed in an explicit, unambiguous form for the readers. Methodology used: This study aimed to examine the various aspects of subjective experiences of patients. Thus, for such a study, where subjective experiences of study participants are being elucidated, the qualitative methodology is best suited and the authors’ use of this methodology is justified. Data collection methods:Â   The researchers used convenient, purposive sampling. The study sample was limited to just two participants. There was no clear sampling method or strategy defined, which is an important requirement for research papers (Greenhalgh, 2006, p. 172). No inclusion or exclusion criteria for selecting the study participants were mentioned. The authors used convenient sampling and arbitrarily chose two patients. They justify their selection by mentioning that these two patients were chosen because they had similar medical histories. However, this methodology is not explained clearly enough to be replicated by other researchers in future studies. In addition, although the subjects were similar in terms of their medical history, they might vary in other demographic aspects such as age, ethnicity, socioeconomic background , etc, about which no information has been provided (except for age). Since these factors also have a role in shaping peoples perspectives

JUDICIAL ACTIVISM BY EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE Essay

JUDICIAL ACTIVISM BY EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE - Essay Example In case of ambiguities in the text of the Treaties, ECJ has to employ its creative talents so as to accomplish an acceptable elucidation and application of Community law. ECJ has filled in the gaps and removed the imprecision in the provinces of Community law thereby removing the barrier of restricted jurisdiction and is able to develop its authority and role. The main aim of this research essay will be analysing in detail the activist strategy of the ECJ which appears to have initiated some courageous and bold efforts to establish a constitutional cornerstone for the EU2. â€Å"What is Judicial Activism?† Judicial activism connotes to the keenness of the courts to establish public policy if a State, and its political institutions is reluctant to do the same or may not in a position to execute the same. In real parlance, it can be called as the shifting of judicial decision making privileges from the administrative and legislative process to the courts. It is a well known fact that judicial activism at ECJ refers the political consequences of the policy preferences employed by the Court in its elucidation or interpretation role. Judicial activism may compel a court to function as legislators, or it can be referred as ‘judicialisation of politics3’. There is a need for judicial activism in EU as the language of the Treaty is not supportive and so the Courts require to establish some cannons so as to fill in a â€Å"procedural hole.† Language and Interpretation of EU Law It is to be observed that EC law cannot be comprehended without recognising its multilingual personality into account. While applying or interpreting Community laws, the peril of swerving meanings between various versions and the equal legitimacy of all language versions of community provisions. As there are about 23 working and authentic languages employed in the EU institutions, there is enormous strain on the EU’s translating services. Further, it is to be obs erved that daily application and interpretation of Community regulations actually occurs in various and different tribunals and courts of the Member States. ECJ employed teleological approach in cases where intellectual property is involved even when its relevance contravenes the precise and explicit factual meaning of clearly expressed words as it held in the case Davidoff & Cie SA v Gofkid Ltd4. General Activism As early as in 1963, in Van Gend en Loos5 case, it was held by ECJ that cannons of the Treaty could have a direct impact. Thus, the direct effect offers an individual citizen right to sue national government in their own national courts for not willing to implement the treaty6. In this case, the Court viewed that the Treaty is not an agreement and it more than that which establishes mutual responsibilities between the Contracting States, besides, the Community establishes a new legal setup of international law for the advantage of which the States have restricted their aut onomous authority, despite within the restricted grounds. In the above case, ECJ created the doctrine of direct effect thereby restricting national courts from proclaiming the illogicalness of Community law. In Foto-Frost7 case, ECJ viewed that national courts do not have authority to invalidate the community law even though it is having such authority. In Costa v ENEL8, it was held by ECJ that EC law has primacy over the national laws. In this case, ECJ supremacy doctrine was established ,which connote that State transfers of legal authority were irrevocable and imposes a long -lasting restriction on sovereign

Professional Project - Rehearsal Studio Dissertation

Professional Project - Rehearsal Studio - Dissertation Example This is inclusive of the sociocultural conditions and other economic situations that are now a part of the UK. This also includes the trends and conditions which are in the current environment and how this will affect the capability of having a rehearsal studio within a given area. The aims and objectives of the methodology will then be able to determine if it is financially feasible to begin a rehearsal studio as well as how the response would be from the social perspective in the UK. Design There will be two studies that will be used to determine whether a rehearsal studio can be incorporated into today’s climate in the UK. One consists of a qualitative analysis and the second a quantitative analysis. These will define the independent factors that would change the needs for a rehearsal studio and will show the impact which will be made when creating a rehearsal studio. The overall design will work to create the process of triangulation, or a mixed methodology. This particula r approach is able to combine several perspectives and to combine independent data to show how each is related to each other in the defining of a given situation (Tashakkori, 2006). Sample Populations The first concept which will be kept in mind with the design is based on geographic location. In the UK, there are several regions and areas that are designated as cultural quarters, specifically which is a part of the growing urban culture that is in the region (Montgomery, 2004). There are also other regions which are not as focused on implementing new cultures and ideologies, which build a different outlook on how many approaches the ideology of rehearsal studios and whether this should be implemented. Examining both aspects of the need for a rehearsal studio will then assist in creating a different outlook for the implementation of the studio. A second aspect to consider with the sample population is based on the target market of who would use a rehearsal studio. The main approach is toward musicians, engineers and producers that would be interested in having a main area for creating music. There can also be applications for other types of art, such as a rehearsal space for dance, as well. With these considerations, is also an understanding that the concept is based on creating communities through the use of space. This is combined with the alternative, which is available with online and remote communities and technology tools used for creating music or working with the fine arts (Trueman, 2007). From this perspective, there is the need to create a rehearsal studio that define what the studio can be used for and how it should be approached in terms of community building. Quantitative Method The first method which will be used will combine the sample populations with an overall examination of the viability of starting a studio. This will begin with creating an understanding of the finances that are involved with a rehearsal studio. The quantitative method will examine the budgets of rehearsal studios that are already in place in the UK, including ones based on urban culture and others that are in both city settings and remote areas. The examination will include: 1. Start up costs of the studio. 2. Maintenance costs of the studio. 3. Amount of income from the space. 4. Years in operation. 5. Profit and loss over each year and whether this has grown. 6. Main individuals using the rehearsal space. The comparison of these different factors will show examples of how much investment has to be made with the rehearsal studio as